Marketing: Defined

Arrange chronologically the following official American Marketing Association (AMA) definitions of marketing (the oldest definition will be number 1, the newest - number 4):

  1. Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.
  2. Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.
  3. Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user.
  4. Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.